Teaching – Page 3 – Barry Dequanne

Teacher Recruitment

A common and defining characteristic associated with international schools is that of transience. The ephemeral nature of many our community members’ tenures in international schools necessitates the ongoing management of change processes. The positive features of this constant change are the rich opportunities for personal growth, renewal, enrichment, and development of new relationships. However, this very same impermanence inevitably leads to our esteemed colleagues and beloved friends taking leave of our community as they seek to embrace new adventures and experiences. The reasons that some teachers take leave of our schools each year varies, from the need to return to their home country or the desire to work and live in a different part of the world, for example.

While the inevitable June 2015 departure of some colleagues is again a reality at the American School of Brasilia (EAB), we can take solace in the fact that personal and professional relationships will assuredly endure far beyond the end of this school year. Although there will be occasions next semester to formally recognize those who will be leaving EAB, the focus of this note is on the present and the importance of appreciating and making the most of the time we have today and in the near future with our very special colleagues and friends.

2015-2016 Recruitment Process: To date, ten EAB faculty will be leaving the school in June 2015 to pursue other interests. In terms of comparisons with past years, the number of departing teachers this year is lower that any of the past years on record. Looking ahead to recruitment for 2015-2016 and beyond, please note that, when EAB is recruiting candidates for positions, the openings are always posted in the EMPLOYMENT section of EAB’s website.

The hiring of teachers is arguable the most important element of my work as the Head of School. To that end, one of my main focus areas during the coming months will be the recruitment of teachers, which will include attendance at international recruitment fairs. The fact that EAB received well over 2,500 applications for employment last year is a very positive sign in terms of how our school is regarded in both the local and international communities.

I am often asked what we look for when hiring teachers. First and foremost, we are seeking to hire the best available teachers, regardless of nationality, who possess outstanding qualifications in their academic area, deep levels of relevant experience, leadership capacity, resilience, flexibility, and, of course, a passion for working with students and the learning process. An additional characteristic that is among the highest on our priority list is that of a positive disposition. The nature of effective teaching necessitates the ideal that teachers are eternal optimists, especially in terms of their belief that all students can reach their respective potentials. Furthermore, we owe it to our students to ensure a school setting that is comprised of people who are positive and optimistic, who see problems as opportunities, and who see the proverbial glass as always being half full. At the same, we cannot be Pollyannaish with respect to teaching and learning as teachers are needed to directly address the inherent challenges associated with student growth and program development, in a professional, effective, and empathetic manner.

Each year, EAB continues to further articulate and refine the EAB Teacher Profile, which is a document that outlines a set of guiding principles that are used to guide all hiring processes. In addition, EAB’s Leadership Team also examines the hiring, development, and retainment practices of highly successful organizations to determine what can be translated to a school setting. By way of example, we are currently studying Netflix’s human resource policy, called Freedom and Responsibility, which provides for engaging and reflective reading.

As EAB moves forward with all hiring processes using the guiding principles shared above, please feel free to review the EMPLOYMENT section of EAB’s website and forward job postings to anyone who may be interested in applying for one or more positions. All applicants are asked to submit a letter of interest and a resume to employment@eabdf.br.

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Recrutamento de Professores

Uma característica comum e que define bem as escolas internacionais é a transitoriedade.

A natureza efêmera do mandato de muitos dos membros da nossa comunidade em Brasília exige um gerenciamento contínuo nos processos de mudança. Os aspectos positivos dessa mudança constante são as ricas oportunidades de crescimento pessoal, renovação, enriquecimento e desenvolvimento de novos relacionamentos. No entanto, essa mesma impermanência leva, inevitavelmente, a partida de colegas e amigos queridos da nossa comunidade, já que eles vão em busca de novas aventuras e experiências. A razão pela qual alguns dos professores vão embora da EAB a cada ano, por exemplo, vai desde a necessidade de retornarem ao seu país de origem até o simples desejo de trabalhar e viver em uma parte diferente do mundo.

Enquanto a inevitável partida de alguns colegas em junho de 2015 é, novamente, uma realidade na EAB, é possível usar como consolo o fato de que as relações pessoais e profissionais vão, certamente, durar muito além do fim desse ano letivo. Mesmo com o reconhecimento que faremos no próximo semestre para cada um que está deixando a EAB, o foco dessa nota é sobre o presente e sobre a importância em apreciar e aproveitar ao máximo, o tempo que temos hoje e num futuro próximo com os nossos colegas e amigos tão especiais.

Processo de Recrutamento 2015/2016: Até o momento, dez membros do nosso corpo docente vão deixar a EAB em junho de 2015 para irem em busca de outros interesses. Em termos de comparação com os anos anteriores, esse número diminuiu. Visando o recrutamento de 2015-2016 e para os demais, peço que atentem para as vagas que estão publicadas na sessão de EMPLOYMENT do site da EAB.

A contratação na EAB é, provavelmente, o elemento mais importante do meu trabalho como Diretor Geral. Para esse fim, uma das principais áreas de foco durante os próximos meses será sobre o recrutamento de professores que, incluí a minha participação em feiras internacionais de recrutamento. O fato de a EAB ter recebido mais de 2000 currículos no ano passado é um sinal muito positivo sobre como a nossa escola é considerada tanto nas comunidades locais, como nas internacionais.

Muitas vezes eu sou questionado sobre o que nós buscamos ao contratar um professor. Em primeiro lugar, nós estamos em busca do melhor professor disponível no mercado, independente da sua nacionalidade, com qualificações especiais em sua área acadêmica, níveis profundos e relevantes de experiência, capacidade de liderança, resistência, flexibilidade e, é claro, paixão por trabalhar com os alunos e com o processo de aprendizagem. Uma das características adicionais que está como prioridade em nossa lista é a boa disposição. A natureza de ensino eficaz requer que os professores sejam eternamente otimistas, especialmente em acreditar que todos os alunos podem alcançar seu potencial. Além disso, nós devemos isso aos nossos alunos, visando garantir um ambiente escolar composto por pessoas positivas e otimistas, que vêem os problemas como oportunidades e, que vêem o proverbial copo d’água como se estivesse sempre pela metade. Ao mesmo tempo, não podemos ser ingênuos no que diz respeito ao ensino e aprendizagem, já que os professores são necessários para abordar de forma direta os desafios inerentes ao crescimento do aluno e desenvolvimento de programas, de forma profissional, eficaz e empática.

A cada ano a EAB continua a articular e aperfeiçoar o perfil de seus professores através de um documento(the EAB Teacher Profile,) que articula um conjunto de princípios orientadores que, são usados em todos os processos de contratação. Além disso, a Equipe de Liderança da EAB também analisa a contratação, o desenvolvimento e as práticas de retenção das grandes organizações de sucesso, para determinar o que pode ser usado na configuração de uma escola. Por exemplo, atualmente, estamos estudando a política de recursos humanos da Netflix, chamada de Freedom and Responsibility, que prevê uma leitura envolvente e reflexiva.

Conforme a EAB avança em todos os processos de contratação, usando os princípios orientadores citados acima, por favor, sinta-se livre para rever a seção EMPLOYMENT do nosso site e, passar adiante para qualquer pessoa que possa estar interessada em se candidatar às nossas vagas. Todos os candidatos devem enviar uma carta de interesse e o seu currículo para employment@eabdf.br.

Featured image: cc licensed (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 ) flickr photo by Dieter Drescher: https://www.flickr.com/photos/cosmosfan/14628522324

Digital Fluency Project

“It is in changing that things find purpose.” ~Heraclitus

During a recent school governance conference, the attendees, who include school directors and board members, reflected on how schools of the future will be different from what we know today. Our facilitator, Lee Crockett, invoked the often used but, at times, little understood concept of a “21st Century School” to challenge our current thinking (If you are interested in learning more about these concepts, Lee Crockett overviews his book, “Literacy is not Enough,” in an informative video interview).

While I was interested in the substance of the discussion, I was also intrigued by our collective reactions and discomfort as we struggled to predict the future of education. Given the rate of technological change, few people, if any, are likely able to accurately predict how technology will ultimately influence the traditional nature of schools. What we do know is that schools and learning will look very different from what we experienced as children.

So, how do we move forward? Fortunately, educational and technological theorists are thinking deeply about the future of education and the result is the emergence of several frameworks. The Global Digital Citizen Foundation and its 21st Century Fluency Project represent one such framework that articulates an educational focus on ensuring that learning continues to be meaningful. While there are indeed other helpful models, the 21st Century Fluency Project presents a framework that will challenge all of us to reflect on the role technology plays in the learning process, both at home and at school. In summary, the model complements traditional learning with a concentration on attaining five related digital fluencies: creativity, collaboration, solution, media, and information.

EAB is strategically addressing these changes in several different manners, ranging from the implementation of a 1-to-1 program, to a shift from one traditional library to three iCommons (Information Commons), to weekly technology training workshops for teachers, to a change in instructional practices and collaboration expectations. On a personal note, I am teaching a high school Leadership class this year, which includes experimenting with a blended learning model, meaning that learning is taking place both in person and through an online setting. We are using an infrastructure called Haiku, which is a digital K-12 online platform. An exciting element of the course is that this platform enables us to learn, in collaboration, with students from two other international schools, one in the U.S.A, and one in Mumbai. Through the power of the Internet and technology, our class has been expanded and enriched through the inclusion of students from other parts of the world. This has taken the learning experience of our students to a higher level of interest, diversity, and engagement.

A question: If you were asked to highlight the most important skills students will need for future success, what skills would you list? How does your list compare with the following list of the most important skills generated by professional educators and researchers?

• Problem Solving

• Creativity

• Analytical Thinking

• Collaboration

• Communication

• Ethics, Action, Accountability

Now, let’s examine these skills in the context of Bloom’s taxonomy:

The list of skills generated by professional educators and researchers correspond directly with the higher level thinking skills of Analyzing, Evaluating, and Creating associated with Bloom’s taxonomy, rather than the lower level skills of Remembering, Understanding, and Applying. It is these higher-level thinking skills that guide the ongoing development of EAB’s educational program.

As EAB continues its work towards the continued implementiation of effective and relevant teaching and learning practices, we will also continue to be guided by the approaches presented above in conjunction with Lee Crockett’s guiding concepts of relevance, creativity, and real-world application.

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“É na mudança que as coisas encontram o seu propósito.” – Heraclitus

Nesse momento eu estou na Conferência da Associação das Escolas Americanas do Brasil (AASB). Os participantes, que incluem diretores e membros do conselho, refletiram sobre como a escola do futuro será diferente da escola que conhecemos hoje. O nosso facilitador, Lee Crockett, abordou um conceito muito usado, mas mal compreendido, sobre as escolas do Século XXI, para desafiar o nosso atual pensamento (Caso tenha interesse em aprender mais sobre esses conceitos, Lee Crocket dá uma visião panorâmica do seu livro, “Literacy is not Enough”, em uma entrevista). Enquanto eu estava interessado no assunto, eu também fiquei intrigado com a reação coletiva e desconforto enquanto nos esforçávamos para previr o futuro da educação. Devido à taxa de mudança tecnológica significativa, poucas pessoas, se é que existe alguma, são capazes de prever com precisão como a tecnologia irá influenciar a natureza tradicional das escolas. O que sabemos é que as escolas e o aprendizado serão muito diferentes do que experimentamos quando éramos crianças.

Então como evoluirmos? Felizmente, os teóricos em educação e tecnologia estão muito focados no futuro da educação e o resultado é o aparecimento de vários frameworks. A Global Digital Citizen Foundation e o seu projeto 21st Century Fluency Project representam um marco no foco educacional para garantir que o aprendizado continue a ser significativo. Enquanto existem outros modelos, o 21st Century Fluency Project apresenta um framework que irá desafiar a todos nós para refletirmos no papel que a tecnologia tem no processo de aprendizado, tanto em casa, como na escola. Resumindo, o modelo complementa o aprendizado tradicional com a concentração em alcançar cinco fluências digitais relacionadas: criatividade, colaboração, solução, mídia e informação.

A EAB está, estrategicamente, abordando estas mudanças em diversas maneiras que, vão desde a implementação de um programa individual, até a mudança da biblioteca incluindo 03 I-commons para oficinas de treinamentos semanais de tecnologia para os professores. Eu estou dando aula para uma turma de Liderança esse ano que inclui um modelo de aprendizado experimental que, significa que o aprendizado tem sido presencial ou online. Nós estamos usando uma infra-estrutura chamada Haiku, que é uma plataforma on-line digital K-12. Um elemento interessante do curso é que esta plataforma permite-nos aprender em parceria com os alunos de outras duas escolas internacionais, uma nos EUA e outra em Bombaim. Através do poder da Internet e da tecnologia, a nossa aula tem se ampliado e se expandido para incluir alunos de outras partes do mundo, levando a experiência de aprendizagem dos nossos alunos para um maior nível de interesse, diversidade e engajamento.

Pergunta: Se lhe pedissem para destacar as habilidades mais importantes que os alunos precisam para o sucesso no futuro, quais habilidades você colocaria? Como é que a sua lista de habilidades se compara com a seguinte lista das habilidades mais importantes geradas por educadores e pesquisadores profissionais?

Solução de Problemas

Criatividade

Pensamento Analítico

Colaboração

Comunicação

Ética, Ação, Prestação de Contas

Agora, vamos examinar essas habilidades no contexto da taxonomia de Bloom:

As habilidades listadas acima correspondem diretamente com o alto nível de pensamento como: analisar, avaliar e criar, associados à taxonomia de Bloom, ao invés do uso de técnicas de baixo nível como: memorização, entendimento e aplicação. São esses altos níveis de conhecimento que nos guiam ao programa de desenvolvimento educacional da EAB.

A EAB continua a trabalhar para implementar práticas de ensino e aprendizado efetivo e relevante. Nós também continuaremos a nos orientar através das abordagens apresentadas acima juntamente com os conceitos do Lee Crockett sobre relevância, criatividade e mundo real.

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Featured image: cc licensed (CC BY-ND 2.0) flickr photo by Johan Larsson: https://www.flickr.com/photos/johanl/6966883093

We Teach Who We Are

One of the many facets I appreciate about the education profession is the opportunity to begin each year afresh as part of a continuous cycle of renewal. The new relationships, new challenges, and new learning and growth opportunities offered during the school year bring us another step forward towards the self-actualization aspirations we set for ourselves, both as individuals and institutions. Serving a school community in this capacity in conjunction with the corresponding privilege of working with students is indeed a wondrous and meaningful experience for all involved.

To celebrate the return to the learning process and to frame our work for the year ahead, I shared the following quote with the American School of Brasilia’s faculty and staff:

“My friends, love is better than anger. Hope is better than fear. Optimism is better than despair. So let us be loving, hopeful, and optimistic. And we’ll change the world.” ~Jack Layton

The essential human qualities of love, hope, and optimism underscore the fundamental characteristics of what it means to be an educator, whether in the capacity of a teacher, family member, friend, or supporter. Students need role models who value deep and empowering relationships, who inspire hope for the future, and who are eternal optimists. Schools must be a place where students can achieve their potential in a safe and supportive learning environment that enables them to hope and dream.

In my humble and, albeit, biased opinion, I fully believe that the American School of Brasilia (EAB) is emblematic and embracing of Mr. Layton’s guiding principles. During the first week of school, I was reminded of how much our faculty members not only love their profession and the subject they teach, but also the deep level of care they exhibit for the wellbeing and the learning of our students. I was reminded of how much hope for the future is inspired by teachers, students, and parents, particularly through the positive energy exhibited through their relationships and mutual support. Finally, I was reminded that teaching and learning is an inherently optimistic endeavor. It is comforting to know that EAB’s faculty and staff are eternal optimists when it comes to teaching, learning, and the wondrous potential that can be achieved by all.

In his book The Courage to Teach, Parker Palmer highlights the complexities associated with teaching, which extend beyond curricula, philosophies, and teaching resources, through his statement, “[teachers] teach who they are.” If this is true, then our students are most fortunate to be members of a community filled with talented and passionate people who are, “loving, hopeful, and optimistic”, and fully committed, through education, to changing the world to make it a better place.

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Nós Ensinamos o Que Somos

Uma das muitas facetas que eu aprecio sobre a profissão de educação é a oportunidade de começar de novo a cada ano, como parte de um ciclo contínuo de renovação. As novas relações, novos desafios e novas oportunidades de aprendizado e crescimento oferecidas ao longo do ano escolar nos trazem um passo à frente às aspirações de auto-realização que estabelecemos para nós mesmos, como indivíduos e como instituição. Servindo uma comunidade escolar, nessa qualidade, em conjunto com o privilégio correspondente de trabalhar com os alunos é de fato uma experiência maravilhosa e significativa para todos os envolvidos.

Para comemorar o retorno ao processo de aprendizagem e para contextualizar o nosso trabalho para o próximo ano, eu compartilhei a seguinte citação com os professores e funcionários da EAB:

“Meus amigos, o amor é melhor do que a raiva. Esperança é melhor do que o medo. Otimismo é melhor que desespero. Então, vamos ser amorosos, esperançosos e otimistas. E nós vamos mudar o mundo.” Jack Layton

As qualidades humanas essenciais do amor, esperança e otimismo ressaltam as características fundamentais do que significa ser um educador, seja na capacidade de um professor, membro da família, amigo ou apoiador. Os alunos precisam de modelos que valorizam relacionamentos profundos e fortalecedores, que inspirem esperança para o futuro, e que sejam eternos otimistas. As escolas devem ser um lugar onde os estudantes possam alcançar seu potencial em um ambiente seguro e de apoio à aprendizagem que, lhes permita a esperança e o sonho.

Na minha humilde e, ainda, tendenciosa opinião, eu acredito plenamente que, a Escola Americana de Brasília é emblemática e abrange os princípios orientadores do Sr. Layton. Durante a primeira semana de aula, eu me lembrei do quanto nossos membros do corpo docente não só amam sua profissão e a disciplina que ensinam, mas também o profundo nível de cuidado que eles apresentam para o bem-estar e a aprendizagem dos nossos alunos. Lembrei-me do quanto a esperança para o futuro é inspirada por professores, alunos e pais, especialmente através da energia positiva através de suas relações e do apoio mútuo. Por fim, lembrei-me de que o ensino e a aprendizagem é um esforço intrinsecamente otimista. É reconfortante saber que professores e funcionários da EAB são eternos otimistas quando se trata de ensino, de aprendizagem, e do potencial maravilhoso que pode ser alcançado por todos.

Em seu livro, A Coragem de Ensinar, Parker Palmer destaca as complexidades associadas com o ensino, que se estendem além de currículos, filosofias e recursos de ensino. Por meio de sua declaração, “[os professores] ensinam quem eles são.” Se isso for verdade, então os nossos alunos são os mais sortudos por serem membros de uma comunidade cheia de pessoas talentosas e apaixonadas que são, “amorosos, esperançosos e otimistas” e, totalmente comprometida, por meio da educação, para mudar o mundo e para torná-lo um lugar melhor.

Photo Credit: Barry Dequanne

Relationships and Learning

One of my highlights each week is the eighty-minute Leadership Class I teach to high school students every second day. A pedagogical foundation that I always hope to include in the class is the application of theoretical constructs to practical situations through experiential learning opportunities. It was during a meeting with students this week, to follow up on their collaborative project work, when they concluded that the key to the success of their project was their focus on relationships. The students were referring to their decision to structure and lead learning activities for the lower school students who arrive at school at 08:00 during the Professional Wednesday late starts. During their first classes, the Leadership Class students struggled to run effective activities. However, after some coaching and reflections, the classes gradually became more effective and engaging. I asked the Leadership Class students about the reason for their success. The students’ eyes lit up when reflecting on the question and quickly recognized that their newfound success was based primarily on the fact that they had established deeper relationships with the lower school students.

Fundamentally, effective teaching is dependent on the ability to build strong relationships that are based on trust, mutual support, and understanding. In fact, it can be argued that relationships are the single most important factor associated with effective teaching and learning. Extending this concept, it can also be claimed that a school community is only able to collectively support student learning at the highest level through the relationships that evolve in terms of a partnership among parents, students, and the school. It was, therefore, encouraging to see so many parents participating in this week’s parent-teacher coffees and the lower school assembly (an estimated 100 parents were in attendance!), in addition to the gracious and generous efforts of the PTO and the U.S. Embassy to host a teacher appreciation event.

The week of May 5-9 is designated as Teacher Appreciation Week at EAB, representing an important moment in the school year when we recognize the outstanding work of our teachers. EAB is fortunate to work with a talented and committed group of teachers who make a difference every day in the lives of our students. Recognizing that my opinion is obviously biased, I do see the work of teachers as a “calling” for those who have a passion for working with students. In Parker Palmer’s book, The Courage to Teach, he corroborates the concept of teaching as a “calling” through his statement, “good teaching cannot be reduced to technique; good teaching comes from the identity and integrity of the teacher.” The focus of this week has been to celebrate the identity and integrity of each teacher at EAB and the passion, talents, and professionalism they correspondingly commit to EAB’s students. Please join me in celebrating and thanking our wonderful teachers.

Among EAB’s greatest strengths are the relationships that are developed throughout the school community, which is representative of one of the most important factors contributing to student learning.

Relacionamentos e Aprendizagem

Um dos meus destaques a cada semana é a aula de oitenta minutos que eu dou para os alunos de Liderança do High School a cada 2 dias. A base pedagógica que sempre esperamos usar na aula é a aplicação de conceitos teóricos em situações práticas, através de oportunidades de aprendizagem experimental . Foi durante uma reunião com os alunos , esta semana, para acompanhar o trabalho deles de um projeto colaborativo, que chegamos a conclusão de que a chave para o sucesso do projeto era o foco nos relacionamentos. Os alunos estavam se referindo a sua decisão de estruturar e conduzir atividades de aprendizagem para os alunos do Lower School, que chegam na escola às 08:00 nas quartas-feiras quando ocorrem o desenvolvimento profissional. Durante suas primeiras aulas , os alunos da Classe de Liderança, se esforçaram para executar as atividades de forma eficaz. No entanto, após algum tempo de treinamento e reflexões, a turma tornou-se gradualmente mais eficaz e envolvente. Perguntei aos alunos da Classe de Liderança sobre a razão para o seu sucesso. Os olhos dos alunos se iluminaram como se refletindo sobre a pergunta e, rapidamente reconheceram que o seu sucesso recente foi baseado principalmente no fato de que eles tinham estabelecido relacionamentos mais profundos com os alunos do Lower School.

Fundamentalmente, um ensino eficaz depende da capacidade de construir relacionamentos fortes, que são baseados em confiança, apoio mútuo e compreensão. Na verdade, muito se tem discutido sobre os relacionamentos serem o fator mais importante associado a um ensino e aprendizado eficazes. Estendendo este conceito, também se pode afirmar que a comunidade escolar é capaz de garantir coletivamente um aprendizado no mais alto nível, a partir das relações de parceria que se desenvolvem entre os pais, alunos e escola. Por isso, foi tão encorajador ver tantos pais participando nos Cafés para Pais e Professores, desta semana, e na assembleia da Educação Infantil e Ensino Fundamental (aproximadamente, mais de 100 pais estiveram presentes!), além dos esforços graciosos e generosos do PTO e da Embaixada Americana em sediar um evento de valorização do professor.

A semana de 5 a 9 de maio é designada como a Semana da Apreciação aos Professores na EAB, que representa um momento importante no ano letivo quando reconhecemos o excelente trabalho dos nossos professores. A EAB tem sorte em trabalhar com um grupo talentoso e comprometido, que faz a diferença a cada dia na vida dos nossos alunos. Reconhecendo que a minha opinião é obviamente tendenciosa, eu vejo o trabalho dos professores como um”chamado” para aqueles que têm paixão por trabalhar com os alunos. No livro de Parker Palmer, “A coragem de Ensinar”, ele confirma o conceito de ensino como um “chamado”. Por meio de sua declaração, “um bom ensino não pode ser reduzido à técnica; o bom ensino vem da identidade e integridade do professor”. O foco desta semana foi celebrar a identidade e integridade de cada professor na EAB e a paixão, talento e profissionalismo com as quais eles se comprometem com os alunos.

Vamos celebrar e agradecer aos nossos professores maravilhosos.

Entre os pontos mais fortes da EAB, estão as relações que são desenvolvidas em toda a comunidade escolar, que são a representação de um dos mais importantes fatores de contribuição para a aprendizagem dos alunos.

Featured image: cc licensed (CC BY-ND 2.0) flickr photo by Hamed Parham: https://www.flickr.com/photos/hamedparham/3328144733

Creating Innovators

What does it mean to be an innovative school? This is a question we have been wrestling with in relation to both EAB’s mission statement reference to innovation and our responsibility to offer a consequential educational program that keeps pace with societal changes.

The answer to this question will depend on the context of the discussion. In a local context, many would consider EAB’s implementation, for example, of home learning and standards-based reporting in the Lower School, the move to one-to-one and BYOD devices in the Upper School, and the introduction of late-start Wednesdays to support professional development to be innovative. While these are all very important and forward thinking initiatives in our local context, it can be argued from a macro perspective that these initiatives are not necessarily new and innovative.

To further address our question about innovation, EAB’s Leadership Team is currently engaging in a book study using Tony Wagner’s, Creating Innovators: The Making of Young People Who Will Change the World. The Team’s readings and reflections have led to a reframing of our question, from seeking to define what it means to be an innovative school to the question of, “How do we create the next generation of innovators?” Through Wagner’s extensive study of high profile innovators who have achieved noteworthy success in our current society, he identified one key common theme among all of these individuals. In every case, it was during the childhoods of the future innovators that the, “adults in their lives nurtured their creativity and sparked their imaginations, while teaching them to learn from failures and persevere.”

Through his research, Wagner goes on to identify a fundamental pattern: “A childhood of creative play leads to deep-seated interests, which in adolescence and adulthood blossom into a deeper purpose for career and life goals. Play, passion, and purpose: These are the forces that drive young innovators.” Wagner’s emphasis on the three mainstays of play, passion, and purpose leads us, in turn, to the ideals associated with intrinsic motivation, which is really the crux of this conversation.

Creating Innovators Video Summary

Therefore, how can an educational program lead students to become driven by intrinsic motivation rather than external rewards? Examining this question from a systems perspective, Wagner highlights the three main stages in the evolution of learning: (1) memorization-based, multiple-choice approach, (2) project-based learning where the problem is already determined, (3) design-based learning, where students learn how to define and frame problems. The process of defining a problem and then working through innovative and creative solutions has a significantly more profound impact on student learning than the expectation to recall and repeat answers.

Though it was not by my intentional design, it as during one of the recent high school leadership classes I teach at EAB that students naturally exhibited the power of design-based learning. While using the issue of homework to develop debate and communication skills, the students far exceeded the original scope of the project as they decided to extend the activity, formally challenge the school’s current homework policy, and draft their own policy statements. The prominent feature of the activity was how the students’ discussions evolved from one of entertaining and engaging exchanges (play), to a heated debate over the value of homework (passion), to a determination to influence the school’s current policy to better meet the needs of students and teachers (purpose). The resulting policy statements, which were researched and debated, were innovative, creative, insightful, and clearly illustrated how students, when presented with the opportunity to define a problem, can demonstrate the ideals of intrinsic motivation, self-direction, and lifelong learning.

To be clear, the students’ initial policy statements failed to address several key homework issues, but this was okay. It was the process of learning from their mistakes and the perseverance to improve that was most important. Wagner’s research stresses that the companies recognized as innovative leaders are also the same companies that celebrate failure. He goes on the emphasis that the word failure should be replaced with iteration, as the key to innovation is to continuously learn from experimentation and mistakes through several iterations.

Returning to the question of “How do we create the next generation of innovators?” education must move away from the false dichotomy that an instructional approach is based on either telling students or letting students learn on their own. Instead, there must be a balanced approach where students are exposed to new ideas and have some freedom to choose their learning focus while also receiving guidance and support from teachers. To achieve this goal, Wagner suggests the following three steps: (1) Convert most classroom experiences into collaborative problem-solving events led by facilitators (vs. instructors) who engage learners to think and understand the relevance and context of what they learn. (2) Tailor learning to the individual learner’s experience and competence level based on the results of a pre-test and/or assessment. (3) Dramatically reduce or eliminate instructor-led slide presentation lectures and begin using a blended learning approach that incorporates virtual and constructive simulations.

It is through these focus areas that the American School of Brasilia will ensure that the evolution of our educational program continues to evolve and embody the ideals associated with an innovative school.

Featured image: cc licensed ( CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 ) flickr photo by Orwell Kowalyshyn: http://www.flickr.com/photos/79414198@N02/7313476952/in/photolist-c9gtUd-fuF1BJ

Book Cover Credit: Tony Wagner and Scribner

Importance of Play

“You can discover more about a person in an hour of play than in a year of conversation.”

It is not clear if Plato was applying these words to education but they are, nevertheless, apropos to our contemporary work in schools. With the focus on grades, curriculum coverage, and standardized testing in schools, there is a concern that the value of play and the corresponding intrinsic benefits may be lost due to a focus on learning that is too narrow in scope. To be clear, I am not diminishing the importance of academic excellence, rigor, discipline, and high standards in any way, as they represent the cornerstones of any effective educational program. I am, however, highlighting the importance of providing students of all ages with the opportunity for play.

Recommended Blog Post – Play: Is it Becoming Extinct?

Recent EAB events highlighted and reminded me of the significance of learning from play. The first event occurred during a high school assembly when student leaders, with a focus on further building school spirit, were preparing the grade levels for a friendly competition. It was not the competition but rather the student learning that was prominent. Students were required to effectively collaborate, strategize, communicate, and strengthen relationships. The student organizers were impressive as they coordinated an entire high school, saw to all details, and comfortably led the process, further developing very important skill sets.

The Club EAB program highlighted another important aspect of play. As part of the afterschool offerings, high school students work with younger students in activities that include robotics, cooking, rugby, ballet, and band, to name a few. This week, I was observing the basketball activity and noted the serious focus of the students, the building of relationships, and the kind, supportive, and patient nature of the student leaders. To put it another way, a high level of emotional intelligence is developed and exhibited through the Club EAB program.

Factors associated with emotional intelligence are the keys to conflict resolution. During the course of a year, it is inevitable that there will be minor conflicts among students during recess and play, which is an element of our human nature. What is fundamental for students, however, is the ability to develop high levels of empathy, understanding, listening skills, self-advocacy, and conflict resolution skills. In a recent survey conducted in the United States, respondents were asked to name the most important long-term goals of K-12 education. By a large margin, respondents ranked building character above all other goals, including preparing students for the workforce.

Recommended Video – Emotional Intelligence

Finally, the last event influencing the motivation for this post was the faculty-student softball game. While the dominant student victory was a stark reminder that the faculty’s glory days in sport may be behind us (at least, I speak for myself), the game was also a reminder of the importance of teamwork, humility, grit, commitment, and preparedness. In addition, sport teaches us about the significance of goals that are beyond us and, in turn, how to win and lose with dignity and grace.

If EAB is to achieve its mission to “cultivate responsible and contributing citizens and leaders,” then the concept of learning from play must work in conjunction with our paramount focus on academic excellence.

Featured image: cc licensed ( CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 ) flickr photo by Matthew Loberg: http://www.flickr.com/photos/mloberg/4139266516/

“Você pode descobrir mais sobre uma pessoa em uma hora de jogo do que em um ano de conversa.”

Não está claro se Platão estava aplicando estas palavras a educação, mas elas são, no entanto, o propósito do nosso trabalho contemporâneo nas escolas. Focando nas notas, currículo e testes padronizados, existe a preocupação de que o valor do jogo e os benefícios intrínsecos correspondentes possam ser perdidos devido ao foco na aprendizagem, que é muito estreito em seu escopo. Para ser claro, não estou diminuindo a importância da excelência acadêmica, do rigor, da disciplina e dos padrões elevados, uma vez que representam os pilares de um programa educacional eficaz. Estou, no entanto, destacando a importância de proporcionar aos alunos de todas as idades a oportunidade de jogar.

Leitura recomendada do blog – Play: Is it Becoming Extinct?

Os eventos recentes da EAB destacaram e me lembraram da importância do aprendizado do jogo. O primeiro evento ocorreu durante uma assembleia da escola, quando líderes estudantis, com foco na construção de um espírito escolar, estavam preparando as séries para uma competição amigável. Não era a concorrência, mas sim o aprendizado do aluno que era proeminente. Os alunos eram obrigados a colaborar de forma eficaz, com estratégias, boa comunicação ,além de fortalecer relacionamentos. Os alunos que estavam organizando impressionaram com a forma como coordenaram toda a escola, cuidando de todos os detalhes, e liderando o processo confortavelmente, além de desenvolver ainda mais habilidades muito importantes.

O programa Clube EAB destacou outro aspecto importante do jogo. Como parte das ofertas depois da escola, os alunos do ensino médio trabalham com os alunos mais jovens em atividades que incluem robótica, culinária, rugby, ballet e banda, entre outros. Esta semana, eu estava observando o basquete e percebi a concentração dos alunos, a construção de novas relações, além do apoio e da paciência da liderança estudantil. Dito de outra forma, um alto nível de inteligência emocional é desenvolvido e exibido através do programa Clube EAB.

Fatores associados à inteligência emocional são a chave para a resolução de conflitos. Durante o ano, é inevitável que haja pequenos conflitos entre os alunos durante o intervalo e os jogos, pois fazem parte da nossa natureza humana. O que é fundamental para os alunos, no entanto, é a capacidade de desenvolver altos níveis de empatia, compreensão, capacidade de escuta, de auto-defesa e habilidades para resolver conflitos. Em uma recente pesquisa (survey) realizada nos Estados Unidos, os entrevistados foram convidados a nomear os objetivos mais importantes a longo prazo na educação K-12. A maioria dos entrevistados classificaram a construção do caráter, acima de todos os outros objetivos, incluindo a preparação dos alunos para o mercado de trabalho.

Vídeo recomendado – Emotional Intelligence

Finalmente, o último evento que me motivou para escrever essa mensagem foi o jogo de softball entre os alunos e o corpo docente. Enquanto a vitória dos alunos foi um claro lembrete de que a glória do corpo docente nos esportes ficou pra trás (pelo menos pra mim), o jogo também mostrou a importancia do trabalho em equipe, da humildade, coragem, compromisso e preparação . Além disso, o esporte nos ensina sobre a importância das metas que estão além de nós e, por sua vez, como ganhar e perder com dignidade e graça.

Se EAB conseguir atingir a sua missão de “cultivar cidadãos e líderes responsáveis e contribuintes”, então o conceito de aprendizagem do jogo deve ser trabalhado em conjunto com o nosso foco primordial na excelência acadêmica.

Featured image: cc licensed ( CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 ) flickr photo by Matthew Loberg: http://www.flickr.com/photos/mloberg/4139266516/

Professional Learning Community

EAB’s mission statement ends with the phrase, “we cultivate … a strong foundation of academic excellence,“ which serves as a mantra to guide all programmatic decisions, pedagogical approaches, and professional development strategies. Arguably, the professional development component has the strongest correlation with academic excellence and student achievement. To that end, EAB has made a commitment to embracing professional development ideals within the context of a learning community. Since the start of school in January, EAB’s teachers have dedicated themselves to trainings, meetings, and workshops, including a full day of internal professional workshops, where more than 50 teachers shared their expertise, to committing 16 hours one weekend to mathematics professional development, to Professional Wednesdays, to after school and evening trainings, among others.

In last week’s Bull-It, I referred to the work of John Hattie, whose book Visible Learning: A Synthesis of Over 800 Meta-Analyses Relating to Achievement, which has provided educators with a deeper understanding of what works in education. In the article Know Thy Impact: Teaching, Learning, and Leading, which summarizes the main ideas of Hattie’s work, the author presents eight mind frames that should underpin every decision made by the school. One of the most important outcomes of this research is a summary of the meta-analysis of teaching effects that includes the influences and effect sizes related to student achievement. To say the least, the list has provided for rich conversations among educators.

Returning to our discussion about professional development at EAB, the focus of the faculty’s work has been on a continuous improvement approach to effectively address the key items in Hattie’s list. By way of example, one of EAB’s school-wide goals for the next two years is assessment, which is also one of the foci of today’s professional half day. One of the reasons for EAB’s focus on assessment is due to Hattie’s meta-analysis, which lists formative evaluation, a key component of assessment, as having the most significant effect related to student achievement.

Based on current research in education, professional development at EAB is designed such that the focus is on the areas that represent the greatest potential to positively impact student learning.

Comunidade de Capacitação Profissional

A missão da EAB termina com a seguinte frase, “nós cultivamos … uma base sólida de excelência acadêmica”, que serve como um mantra para orientar todas as decisões programáticas, abordagens pedagógicas e estratégias de capacitação profissional.Indiscutivelmente, o componente da capacitação profissional tem maior correlação com a excelência acadêmica e o desempenho do aluno.

Com essa finalidade, a EAB assumiu um compromisso significativo de abraçar os ideais da capacitação profissional no contexto de uma comunidade de aprendizagem. Desde o início das aulas em janeiro, os professores da EAB tem se dedicado aostreinamentos, reuniões e oficinas, incluindo um dia inteiro de workshop profissional interno, onde mais de 50 professores compartilharam a sua experiência durante 16 horas em um fim de semana para seu desenvolvimento profissional em matemática,além dos treinamentos às quartas-feiras , depois da escola e os treinamentos que acontecem à noite, entre outros.

No Bull-It da semana passada, eu falei sobre o trabalho de John Hattie, cujo o livro: A Visible Learning: A Synthesis of Over 800 Meta-Analyses Relating to Achievement , forneceu aos educadores um grande entendimento sobre o que funciona na educação. No artigo Know Thy Impact: Teaching, Learning, and Leading, que resume as principais ideias do trabalho de Hattie, o autor apresenta oito convicções que deveriam basear todas as decisões tomadas pela escola. Um dos resultados mais importantes dessa pesquisa é um resumo da meta-análise dos efeitos do ensino, que inclui as influências e tamanhos dos efeitos relacionados com o desempenho do aluno. No mínimo, a lista previu conversas valiosas entre os educadores.

Voltando à nossa discussão sobre a capacitação profissional na EAB, o foco do trabalho do nosso corpo docente foi em uma abordagem de melhoria contínua para enfrentar de forma eficaz, os principais itens na lista de Hattie. A título de exemplo, um dos objetivos da EAB para os próximos dois anos é o tema avaliação, que foi também um dos focos da nossa capacitação de hoje.Uma das razões para o foco da EAB nesse tema deve-se à meta-análise de Hattie, que lista a avaliação formativa, um componente-chave de avaliação, como tendo um efeito mais significativo relacionado ao desempenho do aluno.

Com base em uma pesquisa atual em educação, a capacitação profissional na EAB é projetada de tal forma que o foco está sobreas áreas que representam o maior potencial para impactar positivamente a aprendizagem do aluno.

Opportunities and Challenges

It is not hyperbole to state that educational systems and pedagogical approaches are in the throes of a revolution. While most of us accept the premise that we are in the midst of a historical transformation in education, the challenge is to make sense of these changes while also seeking to find our own footing in the constantly shifting technological and societal sands. I have no doubt that historians will look back at this time as a watermark moment in the evolution of schools, pedagogy, and learning.

These reflections were sparked by an article about education that I recently reread called, 21 Things that Will be Obsolete by 2020. The common theme linking the 21 declarations is the pervasive influence of technology, not as an extension to support learning but as a foundational platform and tool that will be as common as working with paper and a pencil.

In a typical 21st century learning fashion, I casually clicked on a seemingly interesting link that took me to another essay called, Three Trends That Define the Future of Teaching and Learning. This author argues that three key trends – collaborative, tech-powered, and blended – will frame the transformation of education. There are compelling arguments in support of this claim, especially the concept of blended learning, where teachers embrace students’ online and connected proclivity towards the learning process.

While writing this article, I clicked on yet another link with the title, How Does Multitasking Change the Way Kids Learn? I read the article, somewhat self-consciously, acknowledging that my multitasking at that moment may not have been the most efficient use of my time. You see, the article seeks to answer the question of whether or not our brains are able to effectively multitask. As with all similar research, the article is unequivocal in concluding that we are not capable of effectively multitasking beyond the simplest activities. The research has also clearly concluded that multitasking leads to a series of negative outcomes while doing schoolwork.

So, what does this all mean? As with any large-scale transformative experience, there are currently more questions than answers in the field of education. While this is an exciting time, there is also a degree of trepidation among educators and parents alike. The elements of education that will become obsolete by 2020 are the same elements that were the foundations of the education of today’s adults. To say the least, it is a challenge to manage current changes while also overcoming our past to establish educational programs for an unknown future.

EAB is committed to embracing this time of change through innovative and creative approaches to teaching and learning. The focus on the implementation of collaborative, tech-powered, and blended teaching trends is central to our professional development discussions. The impact of technology on student learning, including issues related to multitasking, is an area that continues to influence our instructional practices and curriculum development. Likewise, it is within these new paradigms that we seek ways to continue to successfully work with students in the areas of service and leadership, while also developing skills associated with conflict resolution, decision making, empathy, communication, and character building, among others.

If parents and teachers are to model the ideal of life-long learners, then there is no better time to do so than now, especially in the context of a transformative moment in the history of education. Our students count on the continued partnership and commitment among parents and teachers to embrace new challenges and focus on a continuous learning model that seeks to provide the best educational program possible. It is these challenges that make our collective work so important and exciting.

Oportunidades e Desafíos

Não é exagero afirmar que os sistemas de ensino e abordagens pedagógicas estão no meio de uma revolução. Enquanto a maioria de nós aceita a premissa de que estamos no meio de uma transformação histórica na educação, o desafio é dar sentido a essas mudanças e ao mesmo tempo tentar encontrar o nosso próprio pé nas areias tecnológicas e sociais em constante mudança. Não tenho dúvidas de que os historiadores olharão para trás neste momento como um momento marcante na evolução das escolas, pedagogia e ensino.

Estas reflexões foram desencadeadas por um artigo sobre educação que eu reli recentemente chamado, 21 coisas que estarão obsoletas em 2020. O tema comum que liga as 21 declarações é a ampla influência da tecnologia, não como uma extensão para apoiar a aprendizagem, mas como uma plataforma fundamental e uma ferramenta que será tão comum como trabalhar com papel e lápis.

Em uma forma de aprendizado típico do século 21, eu cliquei casualmente em um link, aparentemente interessante, que me levou para outro ensaio chamado: Três Tendências que Definem o Futuro do Ensino e Aprendizagem. Este autor argumenta que as três tendências principais – colaboração, tech-powered, e harmonização, vão enquadrar a transformação da educação. Existem argumentos convincentes em apoio desta afirmação, especialmente os conceitos de ensino harmonizado, em que os professores adotam o processo de aprendizagem dos alunos, online e conectando as tendências.

Enquanto escrevia este artigo para o Bull-It, eu cliquei em mais um link com o título: Como a Multitarefa Muda a Maneira Como as Crianças Aprendem? Eu li o artigo, um pouco autoconsciente, reconhecendo que a minha maneira de realizar várias tarefas, naquele momento, não foi o uso mais eficiente do meu tempo. O artigo procura responder se o nosso cérebro é ou não é capaz de realizar várias tarefas de forma eficaz. Tal como acontece com todas as pesquisas semelhantes, o artigo é inequívoco, mostra a conclusão de que não somos capazes de, efetivamente, desempenhar várias tarefas, além das atividades mais simples. A pesquisa também conclui claramente que a multitarefa leva a uma série de resultados negativos, em relação a fazer um trabalho escolar.

Então, o que isso tudo significa? Como acontece com qualquer experiência transformadora em larga escala, atualmente existem mais perguntas do que respostas no campo da educação. Enquanto este é um momento emocionante, há também um certo grau de ansiedade entre os educadores e pais. Os elementos da educação que se tornarão obsoletos em 2020 são os mesmos elementos que foram os alicerces da educação dos adultos de hoje. Para dizer o mínimo, é um desafio gerenciar as mudanças atuais e ao mesmo tempo superar nosso passado para estabelecer programas de educação para um futuro desconhecido.

A EAB está empenhada em abraçar este momento de mudança por meio de abordagens inovadoras e criativas para o ensino e aprendizagem. O foco sobre a implementação das tendências pedagógicas colaborativas, “tech-powered”, e ensino harmonizado são fundamentais para as nossas discussões de desenvolvimento profissional. O impacto da tecnologia no aprendizado dos alunos, incluindo questões relacionadas à multitarefa, é uma área que continua influenciando as nossas práticas de ensino e de desenvolvimento curricular. Da mesma forma, é dentro desses novos paradigmas que buscamos formas de continuar a trabalhar com sucesso dos alunos nas áreas de serviço e liderança, além de desenvolver competências associadas à resolução de conflitos, tomada de decisão, empatia, comunicação e construção de personagem, entre outros.

Se os pais e professores querem moldar o ideal de alunos aprendizes ao longo da vida, então não há momento melhor para fazer isso do que agora, especialmente no contexto de um momento de transformação na história da educação. Nossos alunos contam com a parceria contínua e compromisso entre os pais e professores para abraçar novos desafios e se concentrar em um modelo de aprendizagem contínua, que visa proporcionar o melhor programa educacional possível. São estes os desafios que tornam o nosso trabalho coletivo tão importante e emocionante.

Featured image: cc licensed ( CC BY NC SND 2.0 ) flickr photo by Dean Terry: http://www.flickr.com/photos/therefore/4101567511/

Learning Mathematics

Erma Anderson’s professional development work with our faculty this week left me with three reflections about the learning of mathematics and the Common Core.

Number Sense

Let us start with a quick math quiz. Quickly answer the following question relying only on your sense of numbers (i.e. do not calculate the exact value):

If you are “one billion seconds “old, then you have lived for approximately 31 years. How long have you lived if you are “one million seconds” old?

Many people find the answer to be shocking, highlighting some of the challenges we face associated with number sense. When we speak of budgets, populations, and exponential growth in the billions, do we really have a sense of what the numbers mean?

To answer the question above, “one million seconds” equates to 11 days, as compared to a billion seconds equating to 31 years. Extending this example, “one trillion seconds” is approximately equal to 32,000 years! These numbers hopefully put the concept of a trillion dollar debt into a different perspective.

Students usually do not develop a strong sense of numbers by blindly following algorithmic procedures or memorizing formulas without developing a deeper sense of the numbers they work with during their studies. While algorithmic procedures the memorization of formulas have their place in mathematics, it is only through a deeper conceptual knowledge of mathematics that an enduring understanding of mathematics will be achieved. If more people learned mathematics this way, perhaps there would be less of a negative stigma highlighted by adults and students and their learning of mathematics.

Ways of Knowing

To achieve enduring understandings, mathematics must be taught in a manner that requires students to interact with concepts in a variety of manners, including visual, contextual, algorithmic, procedural, and theoretical, among others. The common theme, however, is that the learning must ensure a strong conceptual understanding. By way of example, if you ask adults to state the quadratic formula, few of us will be able to do so correctly. However, if these same adults understood where the quadratic formula comes from and how to derive it from first principles, then the likelihood of being able to correctly state the quadratic formula is very high. We must move from memorization, as the focus, to strong conceptual understandings.

Teaching of Mathematics

During a conversation with Erma Anderson, we discovered that we both experienced a similar “learning” moment at the start of our respective teaching careers. We both majored in mathematics at university and graduated as mathematicians before choosing a career in education. While teaching our first calculus classes, we, like so many other teachers, came to a stark realization. While we could always “do” mathematics very well, our deeper conceptual understanding of the subject was questioned, for the first time in our careers, through the challenge of teaching the conceptual understanding of calculus. Whether teachers admit it or not, most educators go through a similar experience as it is one thing to be able to “do” mathematics but quite another to be able to explain your understanding of these same concepts. Our responsibility as teachers is to continuously seek ways to better understand our subjects while also finding ways to effectively work with students so that they develop their own deep and meaningful conceptual understandings.

This is an exciting time at EAB as our teachers are dedicating a significant amount of time and energy towards the ongoing development of a strong mathematics curriculum and, in parallel, the ongoing development of our collective teaching practices.

Featured image: cc licensed ( BY NC SA 2.0 ) flickr photo by Tom Magliery: http://www.flickr.com/photos/mag3737/6266477735/

The Learning Process

Last week, I was invited by a group of EAB students to participate in a formal debate over whether or not cell phones should be allowed in classrooms. While listening to the students’ arguments for and against the proposition, I reflected, as I often do, on the process of learning and what constitutes effective instruction. While the issues associated with the use of technology in education are complex, it was the process the students were embracing that was of most interest. Preparing a rational and researched defense of their argument that will pass the scrutiny of their peers is no easy feat. The fact that there is no clearly defined response to the cell phone proposition is emblematic of the issues we often face as adults; meaningful and important problems are rarely categorized as simple, binary black and white options, but rather reside in the awkward grey areas.

The critical thinking element of the learning process is arguably one of the most important skills students can develop, especially when navigating the challenges associated with establishing informed opinions about issues that fall into the thorny grey areas. It was, therefore, reassuring to hear an EAB alumna, speaking at today’s high school assembly about her transition to university, highlight this very point through the following statement: “EAB prepared me for the expectations of an UnB teacher: proactivity and critical thinking.”

Critical thinking is a focus area that is prioritized at EAB. While it is often easier to deal with categorical problems that can easily be pigeonholed, a more essential learning process involves a commitment to thinking deeply about complex issues and forming an educated and defensible opinion. However, this deeper form of learning is only achieved through a higher degree of commitment, perseverance, patience, and deferred gratification.

The question of deferred gratification was examined in a Stanford University experiment conducted more than 40 years ago. Young children were left alone in a room with one marshmallow sitting on plate in front of them. The children were told that if they did not eat the marshmallow while the adult was not present, then the child would receive a second marshmallow when the adult returned. Of the 600 children who participated in the experiment, approximately one third were able to delay gratification by not eating the marshmallow, who were then rewarded with a second marshmallow. While it appeared to be a simple experiment, the consequences associated with the ability to delay gratification were significant. Over the next 30 years, the researchers followed the students as they matured into adulthood and discovered a very strong correlation such that the students who waited had ended up with better grades and higher SAT scores, were healthier and in better physical shape, enjoyed more successful relationships, and achieved greater professional success. The implications related to the ability to delay gratification have had a significant influence on education and learning. [More information about the “marshmallow experiment” can be found via the following links: Businessweek, New Yorker, TED]

Returning to the cell phone debate, it was intriguing to hear one of the students comment on her inability to control a tendency to check her cell phone every few minutes for messages, which the group concurred represented a distraction that everyone in the room also found to be a challenge. The concept of delayed gratification was a prominent feature with the use of cell phones in this class, as it also seems to be with many of us.

The cell phone debate ended with both student groups presenting compelling arguments for and against the use of cell phones in the classroom. Beyond the debate, however, it was the instructional practice that I found to be the most intriguing aspect of the class. Students were developing the skills to delay gratification through the process of learning how to think critically about a complex issue, rather than blindly accepting a simple “yes” or “no” response, and publicly articulating their refined thoughts in a passionate and articulate manner. It was learning at its best.

Featured image: cc licensed ( BY NC ND 2.0 ) flickr photo by Octavio Solórzano: http://www.flickr.com/photos/octaviosolorzano/5010443243/