Category: Professional

Opportunities and Challenges

It is not hyperbole to state that educational systems and pedagogical approaches are in the throes of a revolution.  While most of us accept the premise that we are in the midst of a historical transformation in education, the challenge is to make sense of these changes while also seeking to find our own footing in the constantly shifting technological and societal sands.  I have no doubt that historians will look back at this time as a watermark moment in the evolution of schools, pedagogy, and learning.

These reflections were sparked by an article about education that I recently reread called, 21 Things that Will be Obsolete by 2020. The common theme linking the 21 declarations is the pervasive influence of technology, not as an extension to support learning but as a foundational platform and tool that will be as common as working with paper and a pencil.

In a typical 21st century learning fashion, I casually clicked on a seemingly interesting link that took me to another essay called, Three Trends That Define the Future of Teaching and Learning. This author argues that three key trends – collaborative, tech-powered, and blended – will frame the transformation of education.  There are compelling arguments in support of this claim, especially the concept of blended learning, where teachers embrace students’ online and connected proclivity towards the learning process.

While writing this article, I clicked on yet another link with the title, How Does Multitasking Change the Way Kids Learn?  I read the article, somewhat self-consciously, acknowledging that my multitasking at that moment may not have been the most efficient use of my time. You see, the article seeks to answer the question of whether or not our brains are able to effectively multitask.  As with all similar research, the article is unequivocal in concluding that we are not capable of effectively multitasking beyond the simplest activities.  The research has also clearly concluded that multitasking leads to a series of negative outcomes while doing schoolwork.

So, what does this all mean?  As with any large-scale transformative experience, there are currently more questions than answers in the field of education.  While this is an exciting time, there is also a degree of trepidation among educators and parents alike.  The elements of education that will become obsolete by 2020 are the same elements that were the foundations of the education of today’s adults.  To say the least, it is a challenge to manage current changes while also overcoming our past to establish educational programs for an unknown future.

EAB is committed to embracing this time of change through innovative and creative approaches to teaching and learning.  The focus on the implementation of collaborative, tech-powered, and blended teaching trends is central to our professional development discussions.  The impact of technology on student learning, including issues related to multitasking, is an area that continues to influence our instructional practices and curriculum development.  Likewise, it is within these new paradigms that we seek ways to continue to successfully work with students in the areas of service and leadership, while also developing skills associated with conflict resolution, decision making, empathy, communication, and character building, among others.

If parents and teachers are to model the ideal of life-long learners, then there is no better time to do so than now, especially in the context of a transformative moment in the history of education.  Our students count on the continued partnership and commitment among parents and teachers to embrace new challenges and focus on a continuous learning model that seeks to provide the best educational program possible.  It is these challenges that make our collective work so important and exciting.

Oportunidades e Desafíos

Não é exagero afirmar que os sistemas de ensino e abordagens pedagógicas estão no meio de uma revolução. Enquanto a maioria de nós aceita a premissa de que estamos no meio de uma transformação histórica na educação, o desafio é dar sentido a essas mudanças e ao mesmo tempo tentar encontrar o nosso próprio pé nas areias tecnológicas e sociais em constante mudança. Não tenho dúvidas de que os historiadores olharão para trás neste momento como um momento marcante na evolução das escolas, pedagogia e ensino.

Estas reflexões foram desencadeadas por um artigo sobre educação que eu reli recentemente chamado, 21 coisas que estarão obsoletas em 2020. O tema comum que liga as 21 declarações é a ampla influência da tecnologia, não como uma extensão para apoiar a aprendizagem, mas como uma plataforma fundamental e uma ferramenta que será tão comum como trabalhar com papel e lápis.

Em uma forma de aprendizado típico do século 21, eu cliquei casualmente em um link, aparentemente interessante, que me levou para outro ensaio chamado: Três Tendências que Definem o Futuro do Ensino e Aprendizagem. Este autor argumenta que as três tendências principais – colaboração, tech-powered, e harmonização, vão enquadrar a transformação da educação. Existem argumentos convincentes em apoio desta afirmação, especialmente os conceitos de ensino harmonizado, em que os professores adotam o processo de aprendizagem dos alunos, online e conectando as tendências.

Enquanto escrevia este artigo para o Bull-It, eu cliquei em mais um link com o título: Como a Multitarefa Muda a Maneira Como as Crianças Aprendem? Eu li o artigo, um pouco autoconsciente, reconhecendo que a minha maneira de realizar várias tarefas, naquele momento, não foi o uso mais eficiente do meu tempo. O artigo procura responder se o nosso cérebro é ou não é capaz de realizar várias tarefas de forma eficaz. Tal como acontece com todas as pesquisas semelhantes, o artigo é inequívoco, mostra a conclusão de que não somos capazes de, efetivamente, desempenhar várias tarefas, além das atividades mais simples. A pesquisa também conclui claramente que a multitarefa leva a uma série de resultados negativos, em relação a fazer um trabalho escolar.

Então, o que isso tudo significa? Como acontece com qualquer experiência transformadora em larga escala, atualmente existem mais perguntas do que respostas no campo da educação. Enquanto este é um momento emocionante, há também um certo grau de ansiedade entre os educadores e pais. Os elementos da educação que se tornarão obsoletos em 2020 são os mesmos elementos que foram os alicerces da educação dos adultos de hoje. Para dizer o mínimo, é um desafio gerenciar as mudanças atuais e ao mesmo tempo superar nosso passado para estabelecer programas de educação para um futuro desconhecido.

A EAB está empenhada em abraçar este momento de mudança por meio de abordagens inovadoras e criativas para o ensino e aprendizagem. O foco sobre a implementação das tendências pedagógicas colaborativas, “tech-powered”, e ensino harmonizado são fundamentais para as nossas discussões de desenvolvimento profissional. O impacto da tecnologia no aprendizado dos alunos, incluindo questões relacionadas à multitarefa, é uma área que continua influenciando as nossas práticas de ensino e de desenvolvimento curricular. Da mesma forma, é dentro desses novos paradigmas que buscamos formas de continuar a trabalhar com sucesso dos alunos nas áreas de serviço e liderança, além de desenvolver competências associadas à resolução de conflitos, tomada de decisão, empatia, comunicação e construção de personagem, entre outros.

Se os pais e professores querem moldar o ideal de alunos aprendizes ao longo da vida, então não há momento melhor para fazer isso do que agora, especialmente no contexto de um momento de transformação na história da educação. Nossos alunos contam com a parceria contínua e compromisso entre os pais e professores para abraçar novos desafios e se concentrar em um modelo de aprendizagem contínua, que visa proporcionar o melhor programa educacional possível. São estes os desafios que tornam o nosso trabalho coletivo tão importante e emocionante.

Featured image: cc licensed ( CC BY NC SND 2.0 ) flickr photo by Dean Terry: http://www.flickr.com/photos/therefore/4101567511/

Learning Mathematics

Erma Anderson’s professional development work with our faculty this week left me with three reflections about the learning of mathematics and the Common Core.

Number Sense

Let us start with a quick math quiz.  Quickly answer the following question relying only on your sense of numbers (i.e. do not calculate the exact value):

If you are “one billion seconds “old, then you have lived for approximately 31 years.  How long have you lived if you are “one million seconds” old?

Many people find the answer to be shocking, highlighting some of the challenges we face associated with number sense.  When we speak of budgets, populations, and exponential growth in the billions, do we really have a sense of what the numbers mean?

To answer the question above, “one million seconds” equates to 11 days, as compared to a billion seconds equating to 31 years.  Extending this example, “one trillion seconds” is approximately equal to 32,000 years!  These numbers hopefully put the concept of a trillion dollar debt into a different perspective.

Students usually do not develop a strong sense of numbers by blindly following algorithmic procedures or memorizing formulas without developing a deeper sense of the numbers they work with during their studies.  While algorithmic procedures the memorization of formulas have their place in mathematics, it is only through a deeper conceptual knowledge of mathematics that an enduring understanding of mathematics will be achieved. If more people learned mathematics this way, perhaps there would be less of a negative stigma highlighted by adults and students and their learning of mathematics.

Ways of Knowing

To achieve enduring understandings, mathematics must be taught in a manner that requires students to interact with concepts in a variety of manners, including visual, contextual, algorithmic, procedural, and theoretical, among others. The common theme, however, is that the learning must ensure a strong conceptual understanding.  By way of example, if you ask adults to state the quadratic formula, few of us will be able to do so correctly.  However, if these same adults understood where the quadratic formula comes from and how to derive it from first principles, then the likelihood of being able to correctly state the quadratic formula is very high.  We must move from memorization, as the focus, to strong conceptual understandings.

Teaching of Mathematics

During a conversation with Erma Anderson, we discovered that we both experienced a similar “learning” moment at the start of our respective teaching careers. We both majored in mathematics at university and graduated as mathematicians before choosing a career in education.  While teaching our first calculus classes, we, like so many other teachers, came to a stark realization. While we could always “do” mathematics very well, our deeper conceptual understanding of the subject was questioned, for the first time in our careers, through the challenge of teaching the conceptual understanding of calculus.  Whether teachers admit it or not, most educators go through a similar experience as it is one thing to be able to “do” mathematics but quite another to be able to explain your understanding of these same concepts. Our responsibility as teachers is to continuously seek ways to better understand our subjects while also finding ways to effectively work with students so that they develop their own deep and meaningful conceptual understandings.

This is an exciting time at EAB as our teachers are dedicating a significant amount of time and energy towards the ongoing development of a strong mathematics curriculum and, in parallel, the ongoing development of our collective teaching practices.

Featured image: cc licensed ( BY NC SA 2.0 ) flickr photo by Tom Magliery: http://www.flickr.com/photos/mag3737/6266477735/

 

Technology’s Impact on Writing

The August 5th edition of Education Week highlights the impact of technology on the development of student writing. The research presented in the article Digital Education: Teachers Say Tech Helps Student Writing, But Encourages Shortcuts indicates that the majority of teachers feel that technology encourages students to share their writing, leads to greater degrees of collaboration, and increases creativity and personal expression. In summary, the use of technology and the internet has clearly led to an increase in student writing, editing and publication. However, teachers did raise concerns that digital tools increase the likelihood of students taking shortcuts and making careless errors, such as poor spelling and incorrect grammar usage.

According to the Pew Research Center’s Internet and American Life Project, the general conclusion is that technology does ultimately contribute to improved student writing, though there are several concerns that need to be carefully addressed by teachers to ensure the quality of student writing is maintained.

Featured image: cc licensed ( CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 ) flickr photo by palo: http://www.flickr.com/photos/paloetic/6381538651/

The Learning Process

Last week, I was invited by a group of EAB students to participate in a formal debate over whether or not cell phones should be allowed in classrooms. While listening to the students’ arguments for and against the proposition, I reflected, as I often do, on the process of learning and what constitutes effective instruction. While the issues associated with the use of technology in education are complex, it was the process the students were embracing that was of most interest. Preparing a rational and researched defense of their argument that will pass the scrutiny of their peers is no easy feat. The fact that there is no clearly defined response to the cell phone proposition is emblematic of the issues we often face as adults; meaningful and important problems are rarely categorized as simple, binary black and white options, but rather reside in the awkward grey areas.

The critical thinking element of the learning process is arguably one of the most important skills students can develop, especially when navigating the challenges associated with establishing informed opinions about issues that fall into the thorny grey areas. It was, therefore, reassuring to hear an EAB alumna, speaking at today’s high school assembly about her transition to university, highlight this very point through the following statement: “EAB prepared me for the expectations of an UnB teacher: proactivity and critical thinking.”

Critical thinking is a focus area that is prioritized at EAB. While it is often easier to deal with categorical problems that can easily be pigeonholed, a more essential learning process involves a commitment to thinking deeply about complex issues and forming an educated and defensible opinion. However, this deeper form of learning is only achieved through a higher degree of commitment, perseverance, patience, and deferred gratification.

The question of deferred gratification was examined in a Stanford University experiment conducted more than 40 years ago. Young children were left alone in a room with one marshmallow sitting on plate in front of them. The children were told that if they did not eat the marshmallow while the adult was not present, then the child would receive a second marshmallow when the adult returned. Of the 600 children who participated in the experiment, approximately one third were able to delay gratification by not eating the marshmallow, who were then rewarded with a second marshmallow. While it appeared to be a simple experiment, the consequences associated with the ability to delay gratification were significant. Over the next 30 years, the researchers followed the students as they matured into adulthood and discovered a very strong correlation such that the students who waited had ended up with better grades and higher SAT scores, were healthier and in better physical shape, enjoyed more successful relationships, and achieved greater professional success. The implications related to the ability to delay gratification have had a significant influence on education and learning. [More information about the “marshmallow experiment” can be found via the following links: Businessweek, New Yorker, TED]

Returning to the cell phone debate, it was intriguing to hear one of the students comment on her inability to control a tendency to check her cell phone every few minutes for messages, which the group concurred represented a distraction that everyone in the room also found to be a challenge. The concept of delayed gratification was a prominent feature with the use of cell phones in this class, as it also seems to be with many of us.

The cell phone debate ended with both student groups presenting compelling arguments for and against the use of cell phones in the classroom. Beyond the debate, however, it was the instructional practice that I found to be the most intriguing aspect of the class. Students were developing the skills to delay gratification through the process of learning how to think critically about a complex issue, rather than blindly accepting a simple “yes” or “no” response, and publicly articulating their refined thoughts in a passionate and articulate manner. It was learning at its best.

Featured image: cc licensed ( BY NC ND 2.0 ) flickr photo by Octavio Solórzano: http://www.flickr.com/photos/octaviosolorzano/5010443243/